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Kaaba (Arabic الكعبة) is approaching the form of a cube of a building located in the middle of the Grand Mosque in Mecca. This building is a monument sacred to the Muslims (Muslims). Buildings that are used as a benchmark or direction of Qibla direction for this benchmark case of a worship for Muslims around the world such as prayers. In addition, a building that must be visited or diziarahi during Hajj and Umrah seasons.
Historian, narrator and others have different opinions about who has built the Kaaba. Some opinions say that there are angels, Adam and Seth. [1] Dimensional structure of the temple building measuring approximately 13.10 m high with a side of 12.62 m 11.03 m times Also called by the name Baitallah. Table of contents
* 1 History of development
* 2 Building Kaaba
* 3 Determination of the direction of Qibla
* 4 Footnote
* 5 See also
* 6 External links
[Edit] Historical development
Kaaba is also called Bayt al `Atiq (Arabic: بيت ال عتيق, The Old House) is a restored building at the time of Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Ismail Ismail after the Prophet was in Mecca on the orders of Allah. In the Qur'an, Sura 14:37 implies that the site had been there during the holy Kaaba Abraham Hagar and baby Ishmael placed in those locations.
At the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW 30-year-old (around 600 AD and has not appointed a messenger at the time), the building was renovated again due to flash floods that hit the city of Mecca at that time. Had been a dispute between the head of a tribe or tribes when they wanted to put the stone back but thanks to the completion of the Black Stone Muhammad successfully settled the dispute without bloodshed and without the injured party.
At the time before the Prophet Muhammad was appointed until his move to the city of Medina. Kaaba environment filled with sculpture that is a manifestation of God the Arabs when the darkness of thought (jahilliyah) but as teachings of the Prophet Ibrahim, who is the ancestor of Arabs and Jews and the teachings of the Prophet Moses to the Jews, God should not be likened to the object of worship with or any creature and has no single broker to worship him and there's nothing like it and do not litter and do not begotten (Surat Al-Ikhlas in the Qur'an). Kaaba finally cleared of the statue when the statue of the Prophet Muhammad to free the city of Mecca without bloodshed.
Furthermore, this building was managed and maintained by the Children Sya'ibah as a key holder and administrative temple and pilgrim services is governed by both government administration Caliph Abu Bakr, Umar ibn Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, Dynasty Ummayyah, Abbasid dynasty, the Ottoman Turkish dynasty, until now the kingdom of Saudi Arabia who acted as servants of the two holy cities, Mecca and Medina. [Edit] Building Kaaba Preview space accompanied by detailed size up Kaaba
At first the Kaaba building consists of two doors and the location of the Kaaba door is located on the ground, not like now that the door lies a bit high. At the 30-year-old Muhammad and has not appointed an apostle, carried out renovations at the Kaaba caused by flood. At that time there is a lack of charge, [citation needed] the Kaaba building made only one door. There are also parts that are not put into building the Kaaba, called Hijir Ismail, who marked a half-circle on one side of the Kaaba. When it made a high door located so that only the leaders of the Quraish tribe who can enter it, because the Quraysh tribe or tribes who are glorified by the Arabs at that time.
Prophet Muhammad never dissuade returned to renovate the Kaaba because his nation has just converted to Islam, sebagaiman words written in a hadith: "If my people are not just left heathenism, will I send down the door of the Kaaba and made two-door and entered Hijir Ismail into the Kaaba, "as the foundation that was built by Prophet Ibrahim.
When Abdullah ibn Zubayr ruled the Hijaz region, the building was rebuilt according to the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, which is above the foundation of Prophet Ibrahim. But when there was war with Abdul Malik bin Marwan local authorities Sham (Syria, Jordan and Lebanon right now) and Palestine, there is a fire caused by a bullet in the Kaaba thrower (onager) owned Sham troops. Abdul Malik ibn Marwan who later became caliph, the renovation of the building reconstructions based on the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW and not based on the foundation of Prophet Ibrahim. Kaaba in the history of the next few times were damaged as a result of the war and because the age of the building.
When the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid Abbasid Caliphate at the time, the Caliph is planning to renovate the temple again according to the foundation of Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Muhammad desired. but soon prevented by one of the leading scholars of Imam Malik, because it was feared that the sacred buildings will be dismantled pairs event after his rulers. So that the Kaaba building renovation and equipment according to the Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan until now. [Edit] Determination of the direction of Qibla
To determine the Qiblah direction with sufficient precision can be done with reference to the latitude and longitude / latitude of the location of the Kaaba in Mecca for each orientation point location using a GPS device. For the needs of the measurement results can be used as reference coordinates following Kaaba Qibla direction determination. Location of the Kaaba,
* 21 ° 25'21 .2 "North Latitude
* 039 ° 49'34 .1 "east longitude
* 304 meters elevation (ASL)
The simplest way can be done to adjust the direction of Qibla. At certain moments twice a year, the sun just above Mecca (Kaaba). So if the observer is looking at the sun, and draw a straight line from the Sun cut the horizon / vertical horizon, the observer will mendapatkan exact position Qiblah direction without having to perform calculations at all, provided the observer knows exactly when the Sun is above Mecca. Each year, the Sun is well positioned just above Mecca on May 28th at 16:18 pm and July 16 at 16:27 pm.
Earth rotates on an axis of rotation with a period of 24 hours. For an observer located on Earth, the observed effect of the rotational motion of heavenly bodies is seen as if it revolved around the Earth in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the Earth's rotation. The stars are seen moving from east to west. This is similar to the motion of the trees that were observed while driving the car, as if the trees were moving in the opposite direction with the car's motion. This rotation effect caused observers watching the heavenly bodies (including the sun) rises in the east and sets in the west.
Meanwhile, the Earth's circle around the Sun with a period of one year. As a result, relative to the stars on the ball sky, the sun itself looks to change his position from day to day, and after one year, returned to its original position. The sun moves roughly eastward. But because the field distribution of the Earth (Ecliptic) is not a parcel with a field rotation of the Earth (Celestial equator), then the motion of the Sun was not even right to the east, but makes an angle of 23.5 º, according to the angle between the Ecliptic and equatorial sky.
From Earth, observers saw as if the Sun around the Earth. Observers see the sun circled the Earth on the field of Ecliptic. Because the field makes an angle to the plane of Ecliptic equator, in intervals of one year, the Sun at one time was in the north of the equator, and at the other located in the south of the equator. The sun can be as far as 23.5 º from the equator to the north at around June 22. Six months later, around the date of December 22, the Sun is 23.5 º from the equator to the south. Between June 22 and December 22, the Sun moves to the south of the equator, moving relative to the stars. Meanwhile, between December 22 and June 22, the Sun moves north toward the equator.
Because of its annual motion is combined with rising motion due to rotation of Earth's sun sets, the Sun swept the areas that have latitude between 23.5 º and 23.5 º N latitude. In the regions on Earth that have latitude in the range, the Sun twice a year will be more or less directly overhead. Because Mecca has a latitude 21 º 26 'north latitude, which means is in the areas mentioned above, then twice a year, the Sun will be directly above the city of Mecca. When this happens, it can be seen in the almanac, for example Astronomical Almanac.
Qibla direction determination by looking at the direct sun's position as mentioned above (on certain dates mentioned above), can not be done in all places. Why because the shape of the Earth is round. Places that could use the way above to determine the direction of Qibla is separate places with less than 90 º Mecca. In separate places of Mecca for more than 90 º, when the sun was right in Mecca, the Sun (seen from the site) has been under horizon. For example for the position of the observer in Bandung, while the Sun just above Mecca (midday), seen from Bandung, the Sun's position is quite low, approximately 18 º above horizon. As for the regions in East Indonesia, at the time the sun had set, so that practically the moment it can not be used there. For those places that when the sun was directly above the Kaaba, the Sun has been under horizon / horizon, can wait six months later. On each of November 28, 21:09 UT (29 November 4:09 pm) and January 16 21:29 UT (January 17, 4:29 pm), Sun directly beneath the Kaaba. That is, at that time, if the observer is facing the proper direction of the Sun, observers turned toward the right direction. If observers peg the stick upright, the shadow falls right direction towards the Qiblah.
1. ^ Who Was the Builder of the Ka `flood?
Subhanallah,,, It's really remarkable fact Allah to mankind has shown that the Kaaba is the sacred building that we must nurture its existence.
